Najma Khatun vs. The State of West Bengal

The Supreme Court of India decided a batch of 49 petitions filed by over 350 teachers and non-teaching staff of various government-aided Madrasahs in West Bengal. These staff members claimed they were appointed by local managing committees between 2014 and 2020. During this period, the West Bengal Madrasah Service Commission Act, 2008 had been declared unconstitutional by the Calcutta High Court, but that decision was later stayed and ultimately reversed by the Supreme Court in 2020. To verify the genuineness of these interim appointments, the Supreme Court had earlier set up an expert committee. The committee rejected all claims, finding that none of the appointments met the legal standards. Challenging this, the staff approached the Supreme Court. The Supreme Court thoroughly analyzed sample cases and found widespread illegalities, such as hiring through walk-in interviews, lack of newspaper advertisements, backdated appointments, and appointments to non-existent posts. The Court held that hiring for government-funded posts must be transparent and competitive. It ruled that any appointment made after March 14, 2016 (when the SC stayed the High Court's ruling) without the Supreme Court's permission is completely illegal. Consequently, the Supreme Court dismissed all petitions, cancelled interim protections, and ordered that vacancies be filled freshly through the regular Madrasah Service Commission.

A dispute arose in West Bengal over whether Madrasah staff should be recruited by a central State Commission or local committees. While the High Court struck down the State Commission's powers, the Supreme Court later stayed this decision, creating a legal gap during which local committees quickly hired hundreds of staff members, bypassing regular rules.

The Supreme Court dismissed all the petitions, ruling that the interim appointments were illegal, non-transparent, and often fraudulent. It cancelled all temporary protections that allowed these workers to draw salaries and ordered that all vacant posts be filled freshly through the official Madrasah Service Commission.

This judgment ensures that any school or institution receiving government funds cannot distribute public jobs privately or through favoritism. It protects the future of students by ensuring that only qualified teachers selected through an open, transparent, and competitive process are hired.